![]() Weinberg, J., Diller, L., Gerstman, L., & Schulman, L. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. The Wechsler adult intelligence scale-III. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Corporation. The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (3rd ed.). The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (1st ed.). The measurement of intelligence: An explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Relation of forward and backward digit repetition to neurological impairment in children with learning disabilities. Measurements of short-term memory: A historical review. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12, 29–40. Forward and backward memory span should not be combined for clinical analysis. Separate digits tests: A brief history, a literature review, and a reexamination of the factor structure of the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. The Clinical Neuropsychologist – Vascular Dementia Special Edition, 18, 83–100. From Binswanger’s disease to Leukoaraiosis: What we have learned about subcortical vascular dementia. Alterations in working memory as a function of leukoaraiosis in dementia. Capacity to maintain mental set in dementia. The impact of region-specific leukoaraiosis on working memory deficits in dementia. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. The WAIS-R as a neuropsychological instrument. Kaplan, E., Fein, D., Morris, R., & Delis, D. Washington, DC: The American Psychological Association. Bryant (Eds.), Clinical neuropsychology and brain function: Research, measurement, and practice: Master lectures. A process approach to neuropsychological assessment. Mechanism in thought and morals: An address delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard University, June 29, 1870, with notes and afterthoughts. Memory: A contribution to experimental psychology (Ruger HA and Bussenius CE, Trans) (Original work published in 1885). Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 17, 74–83.Įbbinghaus, H. Clock drawing errors in dementia: Neuropsychological and neuroanatomic considerations. Bower, The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory (vol. It was concluded that a difficulty in learning a foreign language is mainly related to the more passive aspects of verbal working memory, typically associated with the articulatory loop.Baddeley, A. However, differences in the listening span test disappeared when nonword repetition performance was partialed out. Groups differed significantly in both tasks. A nonword repetition task and an Italian version of the listening span test were proposed. Experiment 2 focused on clarifying how central the verbal working memory problem of students with an FLLD is. Groups showed a significant difference only in the more passive verbal working memory task, that is, the forward digit span. Verbal working memory tasks (forward and backward digit span) were proposed together with visuospatial working memory (VSWM) tasks. Experiment 1 focused on clarifying how modality-specific the memory problem of children with a foreign language learning difficulty (FLLD) is. They were compared with control groups of children matched for age, education, school, and intelligence who differed for foreign language learning ability. Two experiments investigated working memory problems in groups of seventh and eighth grade Italian children with difficulties in learning English as a second language. However, there is no clear evidence about which component of working memory may be involved. It has been suggested that the ability to learn a foreign language is related to working memory.
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